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Bernard Herrmann (June 29, 1911December 24, 1975) was an American composer known for his work in composing for motion pictures. As a conductor, he championed the music of lesser-known composers. An Academy Award-winner (for ''The Devil and Daniel Webster'', 1941; later renamed ''All That Money Can Buy''), Herrmann is particularly known for his collaborations with director Alfred Hitchcock, most famously ''Psycho'', ''North by Northwest'', ''The Man Who Knew Too Much'', and ''Vertigo''. He also composed scores for many other movies, including ''Citizen Kane'', ''The Day the Earth Stood Still'', ''The Ghost and Mrs. Muir'', ''Cape Fear'', and ''Taxi Driver''. He worked extensively in radio drama (composing for Orson Welles), composed the scores for several fantasy films by Ray Harryhausen, and many TV programs, including Rod Serling's ''The Twilight Zone'' and ''Have Gun–Will Travel''. ==Early life and career== Herrmann, the son of a Jewish middle-class family of Russian origin, was born in New York City as Max Herman. He attended high school at DeWitt Clinton High School, an all-boys public school at that time on 10th Avenue and 59th Street in New York City.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Herrmann Photo Biography – New York City – The Bernard Herrmann Society )〕 His father encouraged music activity, taking him to the opera, and encouraging him to learn the violin. After winning a composition prize at the age of thirteen, he decided to concentrate on music, and went to New York University where he studied with Percy Grainger and Philip James. He also studied at the Juilliard School and, at the age of twenty, formed his own orchestra, the New Chamber Orchestra of New York. In 1934, he joined the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) as a staff conductor. Within two years he was appointed music director of the Columbia Workshop, an experimental radio drama series for which Herrmann composed or arranged music (one notable program was ''The Fall of the City''). Within nine years, he had become Chief Conductor to the CBS Symphony Orchestra. He was responsible for introducing more new works to US audience than any other conductor — he was a particular champion of Charles Ives' music, which was virtually unknown at that time. Herrmann's radio programs of concert music, which were broadcast under such titles as ''Invitation to Music'' and ''Exploring Music'', were planned in an unconventional way and featured rarely heard music, old and new, which was not heard in public concert halls. Examples include broadcasts devoted to music of famous amateurs or of notable royal personages, such as the music of Frederick the Great of Prussia, Henry VIII, Charles I, Louis XIII and so on. Herrmann's many US broadcast premieres during the 1940s included Myaskovsky's 22nd Symphony, Gian Francesco Malipiero's 3rd Symphony, Richard Arnell's 1st Symphony, Edmund Rubbra's 3rd Symphony and Ives' 3rd Symphony. He performed the works of Hermann Goetz, Alexander Gretchaninov, Niels Gade and Franz Liszt, and received many outstanding American musical awards and grants for his unusual programming and championship of little-known composers. In ''Dictators of the Baton'', David Ewen wrote that Herrmann was "one of the most invigorating influences in the radio music of the past decade." Also during the 1940s, Herrmann's own concert music was taken up and played by such celebrated maestri as Leopold Stokowski, Sir John Barbirolli, Sir Thomas Beecham and Eugene Ormandy. Between two movies made by Orson Welles (see below), he wrote the score for William Dieterle's ''The Devil and Daniel Webster'' (1941), for which he won his only Oscar. In 1947, Herrmann scored the atmospheric music for ''The Ghost and Mrs. Muir''. In 1951 his score for ''The Day the Earth Stood Still'' featured the Theremin. In 1934, Herrmann met a young CBS secretary and aspiring writer, Lucille Fletcher. Fletcher was impressed with Herrmann's work, and the two began a five-year courtship. Marriage was delayed by the objections of Fletcher's parents, who disliked the fact that Herrmann was a Jew and were put off by what they viewed as his abrasive personality. The couple finally married on October 2, 1939. They had two daughters: Dorothy (b. 1941) and Wendy (b. 1946). Fletcher was to become a noted radio scriptwriter, and she and Herrmann collaborated on several projects throughout their career. He contributed the score to the famed 1941 radio presentation of Fletcher's original story, ''The Hitch-Hiker'', on the'' Orson Welles Show''; and Fletcher helped to write the libretto for his operatic adaptation of ''Wuthering Heights''. The couple divorced in 1948. The next year he married Lucille's cousin, Lucy (Kathy Lucille) Anderson. That marriage lasted 16 years, until 1964.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Bernard Herrmann (1911-75) )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bernard Herrmann」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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